Kategorie: migrantipp

„Servicejournalismus“ oder „Verbraucherjournalismus“ ist eine bekannte Form des Journalismus, die es schon lange in Deutschland gibt. Aber bisher gab es keinen Verbraucherjournalismus für uns als migrantische Menschen, die zum Beispiel Ramadan feiern und andere Informationen benötigen als die deutsche Bevölkerung. Wir suchen nach anderen Rezepten oder Wege, um unsere Communities zu erreichen. Bei dieser Form des Journalismus geht es also darum, was die Leser*innen brauchen. Deshalb haben wir uns entschieden, migrantipp zu entwickeln. Du hast auch einen Tipp für uns? Dann meld dich gerne.

  • Einbürgerung – wie geht das?

    Ich lebe jetzt schon so lange in Deutschland, wie kann ich so richtig „Deutsche*r“ werden? 13% der in Deutschland lebenden Menschen haben nicht die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit. Aber nur 2,5% der Menschen in Deutschland, die einen Anspruch auf Einbürgerung haben, lassen sich auch einbürgern. Woran liegt das?

    Liegt es vielleicht daran, dass die Voraussetzungen für eine Einbürgerung so hoch sind? In erster Lesung liegt jetzt eine Gesetzesänderung des Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetzes vor, die die Einbürgerung in Deutschland erleichtern soll.

    Warum soll ich mich einbürgern? Welche Vorteile habe ich?

    • die freie Wahl des Aufenthalts und Wohnsitzes in Deutschland und allen Ländern der Europäischen Union (EU Freizügigkeit).
    • Unverwirkbares Aufenthaltsrecht : Keine regelmäßige Beantragung/Verlängerung  von Aufenthaltstiteln mehr und kein Gang zu ausländischen Konsulaten und Botschaften, um dort den Heimatpass zu beantragen oder zu verlängern.
    • freier Zugang zu allen Berufen, Zugang zum deutschen Beamtenstatus.
    • visafreie Reisemöglichkeit in 189 Länder und dort Schutz durch die deutsche Auslandsvertretung.Nur bei Reisen in das Herkunftsland kein Schutz durch die Bundesrepublik.
    • politisch mitentscheiden: wählen und gewählt werden (aktives und passives Wahlrecht).
    • Erlangung der sogenannten Deutschengrundrechte (Art. 8 Grundgesetz (GG) – Versammlungsfreiheit , Art. 9 Abs. 1 GG – Vereinigungsfreiheit, Art. 11 GG  – Freizügigkeit, Art. 12 GG – Berufsfreiheit).

    Welche Voraussetzungen muss ich erfüllen? In Klammern stehen die möglichen Änderungen im Entwurf des neuen Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetzes:

    • seit 8 Jahren (Entwurf 5 Jahre) gewöhnlicher und rechtmäßiger Aufenthalt in Deutschland:

    Diese Frist kann (Ermessensentscheidung der Einbürgerungsbehörde) nach erfolgreichem Besuch eines Integrationskurses auf sieben Jahre verkürzt werden, bei besonderen Integrationsleistungen sogar auf sechs Jahre (Entwurf: 3 Jahre). Wichtig: Auch die Dauer des Asylverfahrens ist ein Teil dieser sechs Jahre. Bei staatenlosen Personen kann die Einbürgerungsbehörde die notwendige Aufenthaltsdauer ebenfalls auf sechs Jahre verkürzen.

    Wenn man mit einem*r deutschen Partner*in verheiratet ist, ist die  Einbürgerung nach 3 Jahren möglich. Familienangehörige lassen sich miteinbürgern. Der/die Ehepartner*in kann bereits nach vier Jahren Aufenthalt in Deutschland mit eingebürgert werden. Dafür muss man zwei Jahre als Ehepaar in Deutschland verbracht haben. Das Gleiche gilt für eingetragene Lebenspartner/-innen. Für Kinder unter 16 Jahren genügt ein dreijähriger Aufenthalt.

     

    • unbefristetes Aufenthaltsrecht zum Zeitpunkt der Einbürgerung, eine Blaue Karte EU oder eine befristete Aufenthaltserlaubnis (z.B. subsidiärer Schutz), die ihrem Zweck nach zu einem dauerhaften Aufenthalt führen kann – keine Einbürgerung mit Duldung/Abschiebungsverbot oder im Asylverfahren!
    • Nachweis der Identität:

    Die Einbürgerungsbehörde muss die Identität und die bisherige Staatsangehörigkeit überprüfen. Dazu ist ein biometrischer Pass oder ein anderes Identitätsdokument mit Foto (zum Beispiel eine Identitätskarte) vorzulegen.

    Bei Vorlage eines Passersatzes für Ausländer ist dieser nur zu berücksichtigen, wenn die Angaben des Passes nicht auf eigenen Angaben beruhen, sondern aus anderen Dokumenten übernommen wurden. Wenn kein Pass vorgezeigt werden kann, gibt es noch andere Möglichkeiten, die Identität zu belegen:

    Vor allem mit anderen öffentlichen Dokumenten aus dem Herkunftsstaat, die biometrische Merkmale enthalten. Dazu gehören beispielsweise der Führerschein, ein Dienstausweis, ein Wehrpass oder eine Personenstandsurkunde mit Lichtbild. Wenn auch diese nicht vorhanden sind, bleiben noch andere Dokumente aus dem Herkunftsstaat, wie eine Geburtsurkunde, Taufbescheinigung, Heiratsurkunde, eine Meldebescheinigung oder Schulzeugnisse.

    • bestandener Einbürgerungstes:

    (Kenntnisse über die Rechts- und Gesellschaftsordnung sowie die Lebensverhältnisse in Deutschland). Hier ein Link zum Online Test: https://oet.bamf.de/ords/oetut/f?p=514:1:0

    • eigenständige Sicherung des Lebensunterhalts:

    (auch für unterhaltsberechtigte Familienangehörige) ohne Sozialhilfe und Arbeitslosengeld II. Kinder- und Elterngeld werden nicht in die Berechnung einbezogen.

    • ausreichende Deutschkenntnisse B1 (Entwurf: ab 67 Jahren nicht erforderlich)
    • keine Verurteilung wegen einer Straftat:

    Ausnahmen bestehen lediglich bei Verurteilungen wegen geringfügiger Straftaten, wie Strafen nach dem Jugendgerichtsgesetz, Geldstrafen von bis zu 90 Tagessätzen oder Freiheitsstrafen von bis zu drei Monaten auf Bewährung, wenn die Strafe nach Ablauf der Bewährungszeit erlassen wurde.

    Dies gilt nicht, wenn im Rahmen der Verurteilung zu einer Straftat rassistische, fremdenfeindliche, antisemitische oder menschenverachtende Beweggründe festgestellt wurden. In diesem Fall ist eine Einbürgerung nicht möglich. Aus dem Register getilgte Verurteilungen haben keine Relevanz.

    • Bekenntnis zur freiheitlichen demokratischen Grundordnung des Grundgesetzes der Bundesrepublik Deutschland:

    Likes in den Sozialen Medien für nicht verfassungskonforme Institutionen, Vereinigungen oder Seiten können von den Einbürgerungsbehörden überprüft werden und es erfolgt eine Aufforderung, diese Likes zu löschen. Also lieber vorher einmal die Likes überprüfen!

    • grundsätzlich der Verlust beziehungsweise die Aufgabe der alten Staatsangehörigkeit (Entwurf: Doppelte Staatsangehörigkeit möglich)

    Die Heimatstaatsangehörigkeit kann man behalten, wenn man aus einem Mitgliedsstaat der Europäischen Union oder der Schweiz kommt und der Heimatstaat dies zulässt.

    Einige Länder ermöglichen eine Aufgabe ihrer Staatsangehörigkeit nicht. Menschen aus folgenden Staaten können nach aktueller Rechtslage ihre Staatsangehörigkeit nicht aufgeben: Afghanistan, Algerien, Angola, Argentinien, Brasilien, Bolivien, Costa Rica, Dominikanische Republik, Ecuador, Eritrea, Guatemala, Honduras, Iran, Kuba, Libanon, Malediven, Marokko, Mexiko, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panama, Syrien, Thailand, Tunesien und Uruguay. Stammt man aus einem dieser Staaten, kann die alte Staatsangehörigkeit bei der Einbürgerung bestehen bleiben.  Es gibt auch Länder, bei denen der Verlust automatisch eintritt, wenn man die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit erhält, z. B. China oder Kasachstan.

    Für diejenigen, die Ihre bisherige Staatsangehörigkeit aufgeben müssen, gilt Folgendes:

    Erst wenn über den Einbürgerungsantrag positiv entschieden wurde, kann oder darf man damit beginnen, die Heimatstaatsangehörigkeit aufzugeben.

    Liegen nun alle Voraussetzungen vor, sollte ein schriftlicher Antrag auf Einbürgerung bei der zuständigen Einbürgerungsbehörde gestellt werden. Dieser kann meistens aus dem Internet geladen werden. Alle Fragen sollten wahrheitsgemäß beantwortet werden.

    Folgende Unterlagen müssen dann in Kopie beigefügt werden. Bitte keine zusammengehefteten Dokumente und nie Originale! Das kann nun persönlich bei der Einbürgerungsbehörde abgegeben werden oder aber per Post (Einschreiben mit Rückschein) geschickt werden:

    • ausgefüllter und unterschriebener Antrag
    • Lichtbild
    • Handgeschriebener Lebenslauf
    • Herkunftspass, bzw. Nachweis der Identität durch einen anderen biometrischen Ausweis
    • Geburtsurkunde (Kopie der Originalkunde mit beglaubigter Übersetzung)
    • Heiratsurkunde (Kopie mit beglaubigter Übersetzung)
    • Urkunde über den Einbürgerungstest oder Abschlusszeugnis einer deutschen allgemeinbildenden Schule
    • Zertifikat über B1 Sprachkurs oder Abschlusszeugnis einer allgemeinbildenden deutschen Schule
    • Einkommensnachweis (Arbeitsvertrag und Einkommensnachweise der letzten 3 Monate)
    • Aufenthaltstitel
    • Mietnachweis (aktueller Kontoauszug, aus dem monatlicher Mietzins hervorgeht)
    • Kindergeldbescheid, Elterngeldbescheid

    Zusätzlich können noch andere Dokumente gefordert werden. Auf jeden Fall sollte man sämtliche Zertifikate, Arbeitszeugnisse, Referenzschreiben, Zeugnisse über ehrenamtliche Tätigkeiten, Veröffentlichungen etc. beifügen.

    Die Bearbeitungszeit ist sehr unterschiedlich, von einigen Monaten bis zu mehreren Jahren. Sollte sich aber trotz Anfragen nichts tun, kann man mit dem Erheben einer Untätigkeitsklage unter Umständen etwas „Druck“ bei der Einbürgerungsbehörde machen.

    Die Kosten betragen € 255 und für jedes mit einzubürgende Kind € 51.

    Häufige Gründe, warum eine Einbürgerung scheitern kann:

    • Nicht gut ausgebildete Mitarbeiter*innen in der Behörde (überfordert)
    • Aufenthaltszeiten in Deutschland nicht korrekt berechnet
    • Kein ausreichender Identitätsnachweis (Herkunftspass nicht mehr erforderlich bei Eritreer*innen – sie müssen nicht mehr in die eritreische Botschaft und dort einen Pass beantragen, da es ihnen unzumutbar ist die geforderte Reueerklärung zu unterschreiben, Urteil des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts vom 11.10.2022 – 1 C 9.21 – , Afghan*innen – afghanische Botschaft in Deutschland stellt keine neuen Pässe mehr aus)
    • Berechnung des Lebensunterhalts nicht korrekt
    • Vorstrafe

    Wird der Antrag abgelehnt, sollte man die Gründe dafür genau prüfen und nicht gleich aufgeben!

    Viel Erfolg für alle, die sich einbürgern wollen, wir ermutigen Euch, diesen Schritt zu gehen.

  • How can I get a passport?

    Question:

    “With regards to the following facts, my question is, whether I have any possibility to get a so-called blue passport?

    About Myself

    Dear Ms. Bauer,

    first of all, I would like to express my respect and thanks regarding your/this site.

    I am 39 years old and have been a resident of Germany/Hamburg for 35 years.

    Because of a juvenile sentence from 2001 and the associated imprisonment, I am in the toleration status since 2007 until today. The asylum procedure was rejected. Because of the juvenile sentence I have been classified as obligated to leave the country.

    Before my imprisonment, I was in possession of an Iranian passport and had a valid residence permit.

    When I was released from prison, it turned out that the public prosecutor’s office in Hamburg could no longer find my passport. This is also on record and happened through no fault of my own.

    Factual Situation

    Since 2007 I have been trying to obtain a passport or passport replacement papers with and without the request of the foreigners’ authority. These cannot be issued to me for factual reasons on part of the Iranian consulate. Moreover, neither did I have such papers with me nor my parents when I entered Germany as a 3-year-old.

    Because I never served the Iranian military, I accordingly also don’t have an Iranian identity card. With the expired invalid passport copy of myself and as a minor within my mother’s passport it is not possible to get replacement papers. Efforts by third parties in Iran to speak on my behalf were unsuccessful. And I was told to contact the responsible consulate. The Iranian consulate reported this situation about my non-existent documents in writing to the foreigner’s authority.

    I listed all this to emphasize my willingness to cooperate as well as the actual reasons and the lack of my own fault in this matter. Now, I recently became a father to a daughter and the toleration status has become even more unbearable for me.”

    Reply

    Dear Reader,

    you have had to deal with the German authorities and the Iranian consulate at great length, but you have managed to deal well with everything so far. I assume you are in possession of an electronic residence permit with the toleration status “Duldung” and probably you are also employed…. Congratulations on the birth of your daughter!

    The „blue passport“ is only issued to refugees who are recognized as refugees under the Geneva Refugee Convention (GRC) (Article 28 GRC). This does not apply to you.

    However, you can try to apply for a travel document for foreigners (so-called gray passport) according to §5 Residence Ordinance. Such a passport can be applied for at the foreigners’ authority if there is no possibility to get a passport from your home country. It entitles to travel abroad. Often, however, a visa is also required. One of the requirements is that it is unreasonable for you to apply for an Iranian passport. We now assume that you have documented all unsuccessful attempts to obtain an Iranian passport and can present them to the foreigners’ authority.

    Good luck!

     

    This article was first published in German.

    You can find more of Angelika`s advice here.

     

  • Kein gültiger Reisepass, was nun?

    Lieber Ratsuchender,

    Um einen deutschen Reisepass zu beantragen, musst Du die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit haben. Das heißt; Du musst eine Einbürgerung beantragen. Daran sind aber bestimmte Voraussetzungen geknüpft, wie u.a. die Entlassung aus der bisherigen Staatsangehörigkeit.

    Wahlrecht von jungen Erwachsenen: 21-jährige können sich zwischen den Staatsangehörigkeiten entscheiden

    Wir wissen jetzt nicht, wie alt Du bist. Grundsätzlich bekommen alle, die als Kinder ausländischer Eltern in Deutschland geboren wurden und neben der deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit die eines ausländischen Staates (außer der eines EU-Staates oder der Schweiz) besitzen (in deinem Fall die türkische), zwischen ihrem 21. und 22. Geburtstag ein Hinweisschreiben. Darin steht, dass sie sich innerhalb einer Frist von zwei Jahren für die deutsche oder die ausländische Staatsangehörigkeit entscheiden müssen. Das nennt man Optionspflicht.

    Es gibt danach folgende Möglichkeiten:

    • Entscheidung für die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit. Diese Entscheidung muss der Behörde auf jeden Fall schriftlich mitgeteilt werden. Dabei auch nachgewiesen werden, dass die andere Staatsangehörigkeit bereits vor Ablauf einer Frist von zwei Jahren aufgegeben oder verloren wurde.
    • Entscheidung, die ausländische Staatsangehörigkeit zu behalten. Zugleich verliert man dann aber die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit – und mit ihr viele Vorteile wie die freie Wahl des Berufes oder das Wahlrecht.
    • Wenn die Entlassung aus der ausländischen Staatsangehörigkeit unmöglich oder unzumutbar ist, muss innerhalb eines Jahres nach Erhalt des Hinweisschreibens eine Genehmigung zur Beibehaltung beantragt werden, um zu vermeiden, dass die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit wegfällt. Wenn man nicht weiß, ob man die ausländische Staatsangehörigkeit aufgeben kann, sollte man in jedem Fall eine Beibehaltungsgenehmigung beantragen. Wenn eine Beibehaltungsgenehmigung erteilt wird, kann man die deutsche und die andere Staatsangehörigkeit auf Dauer behalten.
    • Wenn zwei Jahre nach Erhalt des Hinweisschreibens keine Erklärung abgegeben und die ausländische Staatsangehörigkeit nicht aufgegeben oder verloren wurde, verliert man automatisch die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit. Es sei denn,  die ausländische Staatsangehörigkeit kann aus rechtlichen Gründen nicht aufgeben werden oder die Entlassung wird  verweigert. Dann erteilt  die zuständige Behörde eine Beibehaltungsgenehmigung.

    Wer muss sich entscheiden?

    Manche bekommen das Schreiben zur Optionspflicht, obwohl sie sich gar nicht entscheiden müssen. Keine Entscheidung ist erforderlich, wenn:

    • acht Jahre gewöhnlicher Aufenthalt in Deutschland vorliegt
    • oder sechs Jahre hier eine Schule besucht wurde
    • oder eine Schule bzw. Berufsausbildung in Deutschland abgeschlossen wurde

    In sehr seltenen Fällen kann die Behörde aber von sich aus nicht zweifelsfrei feststellen, ob jemand in Deutschland aufgewachsen ist. Daher sendet sie das Hinweisschreiben und wird um einen Nachweis bitten. Dieser Nachweis kann beispielsweise eine Meldebescheinigung, eine Schulbescheinigung sowie ein Schul- oder Berufsabschlusszeugnis sein.

    Kein Wahlrecht zwischen deutscher und anderer Staatsangehörigkeit –doppelte Staatsangehörigkeit möglich?

    Manchmal lässt das Recht des Herkunftslandes keine Möglichkeit zu, die bisherige Nationalität abzulegen. Zudem gibt es Staaten, die ihren Bürgerinnen und Bürgern regelmäßig die Entlassung aus der Staatsangehörigkeit verweigern. In diesen Fällen kann man die bisherige Staatsangehörigkeit beibehalten. Menschen aus folgenden Staaten können nach aktueller Rechtslage ihre Staatsangehörigkeit nicht aufgeben:

    Afghanistan, Algerien, Angola, Argentinien, Brasilien, Bolivien, Costa Rica, Dominikanische Republik, Ecuador, Eritrea, Guatemala, Honduras, Iran, Kuba, Libanon, Malediven, Marokko, Mexiko, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Panama, Syrien, Thailand, Tunesien und Uruguay. Stammt jemand aus einem dieser Staaten, kann die alte Staatsangehörigkeit bei der Einbürgerung bestehen bleiben. Es gibt dann automatisch zwei Staatsangehörigkeiten.

    Entlassung aus der türkischen Staatsangehörigkeit

    Ein deutscher Pass kann grundsätzlich nur ausgestellt werden, wenn die bisherige Staatsangehörigkeit aufgegeben wird (§ 10 Abs.1.Nr.4 Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz). Von dieser Regelung gibt es nur Ausnahmen, wenn das Recht des ausländischen Staates das Ausscheiden aus dessen Staatsangehörigkeit nicht vorsieht ( siehe oben). Bei Volljährigen sieht die Republik Türkei ein Ausscheiden aus der türkischen Staatsangehörigkeit vor. Um aus der türkischen Staatsangehörigkeit entlassen zu werden, muss persönlich ein Antrag beim türkischen Konsulat gestellt werden und nachgewiesen werden, dass eine andere Staatsangehörigkeit bereits vorhanden ist. Dieser Antrag  kann etwas dauern.

    Reform des deutschen Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts – Entwurf liegt vor und wird wohl 2023 verabschiedet!

    Aber vielleicht gibt es in 2023 ein neues deutsches Staatsangehörigkeitsgesetz, zumindest eine Reform des bestehenden, in dem u.a. die doppelte Staatsangehörigkeit erleichtert werden soll.  Es soll dann auch die oben beschriebene Optionspflicht bei jungen Erwachsenen wegfallen.

    Also vielleicht einfach noch etwas warten oder aber einen Antrag auf Entlassung aus der türkischen Staatsangehörigkeit stellen.

    Viel Erfolg und Glück

  • dropping out of vocational training?

    Answer

    Dear reader,

    If you drop out of your training, you are entitled to a toleration for 6 months in order to look for something new. You have to apply in writing for this toleration!

    You are only entitled to change your training once

    For the new vocational training a toleration for vocational training is granted for the entire period of the training.

    The one-time toleration to search for a new training is granted regardless of when you discontinue your training and regardless of the reason for the training discontinuation.

    You can change the profession in which you are training, for instance, from hairdresser to cook. You can change from a school-based training to a company-based training (and vice versa). You should inform the Foreigners‘ Authority as soon as possible about the discontinuation, as this is part of your duty to cooperate with the authorities. If you drop out, the company must inform the foreigners authority within one week, otherwise heavy fines (up to 30,000 euros) may be imposed.

    Before dropping out of training, get advice (from the vocational school or company, teachers, vocational agency) to find a good solution and think it over well. You can also get help to complete your current vocational training. Especially if the foreigner’s authority has already rejected your asylum application. In this case it is important for your stay to have a toleration for vocational training. If you then work in the profession in Germany for another 2 years after the training, there should be no more problems with your stay.

    Good luck and we keep our fingers crossed that you will complete your training!

     

    Diese Artikel wurde zuerst auf Deutsch veröffentlicht

  • Missing papers needed to sign a lease

    Answer:

    Dear Reader,

    It’s great that you found an apartment. It is not that easy. Usually, your residence permit and the passports of your family should be enough for your landlord.

    There is no law that says that a valid passport is required to sign a lease to rent an apartment. However, you should present documents that show that the identity of the future tenant is clear (identity card, residence permit).

    Many landlords also require credit information from SCHUFA which can be downloaded free of charge here. Here you will find a good guide.

    However, every landlord is free to choose with whom he concludes a rental agreement and on what terms.

    Apartment hunting – what can I do?

    One piece of advice when looking for an apartment is to put together a folder from which a landlord or realtor can see everything about you and your family:

    • Copies of your identity documents
    • Current Schufa information
    • Salary statement / statement from the Jobcenter
    • Short cover letter – maybe with a photo of the whole family – stating who you are and what you all do (school, job, German courses etc.)

    If you are a recipient of benefits from the Jobcenter and the rent is to be paid by the Jobcenter, the Jobcenter must approve the rental agreement before you sign it. If you sign the lease without the approval, it is possible that nothing or not the full amount of the rent will be paid by the Jobcenter.

    According to the regulations in § 22 SGB II, both the costs and the size of an apartment must be appropriate:

    Examples of adequate apartments in Hamburg (in other federal states other amounts apply!):

    • 1 person 50sqm gross cold rent € 481
    • 2 persons in a so-called community of need up to 65sqm gross cold rent €577,20
    • 3 persons in a community of need up to 80 sqm gross cold rent € 696,75
    • 4 persons in a community of need up to 95 sqm gross cold rent € 836,10

    Source

    Security deposits

    In addition to the gross cold rent, the Jobcenter also pays the heating and operating costs (caution: you must notify the Jobcenter if the landlord repays operating costs).

    Security deposits for rent may not exceed 3 months’ rent. They may be granted as a loan by the Jobcenter upon application before signing the lease – if special conditions are met.

    The payment of brokerage fees by the Jobcenter can only be granted if the rental of an apartment is not otherwise possible without a broker.

    Caution!

    There are many ways to find an apartment. But it is sometimes very difficult! Please do not fall for dubious offers. Often people offer apartments at very low prices but want to have the deposit or another amount of money and the first rent before you even get to see the apartment. They may tell you they themselves live abroad or another excuse why they cannot be on site and that the keys of the apartment would be sent after paying the amount of money or handed over by a third person. If you pay, you will never see a key and the money is gone.

    It is usually and reputably done in this way:you look at an apartment, and then you and also the landlord decide whether you want to sign a lease for this apartment. Only after both parties have signed the contract, the deposit is due and before moving in, the rent is due, i.e. only then you should pay!

    We wish you success with your search for an apartment!

    Dieser Artikel wurde zuerst auf Deutsch veröffentlicht.

    https://kohero-magazin.com/frage-und-antwort-fuer-den-mietvertrag-fehlen-papiere-was-tun/

  • Residence title lost – what now?

     

    Answer:

    “Dear reader,

    we don’t approve the way the foreigners’ authority treated you and your wife. Maybe you should take a German citizen with you on your next visit. Sometimes the authorities react a bit more friendly then.

    Your wife lost her papers and you reported it immediately to the foreigners’ authority. That was right and very good. Now, of course, new papers have to be obtained and that takes some time. Has your wife already received a new passport? Without a valid passport, she cannot leave Germany – regardless of whether she has a residence title or a fictional certificate.

    If she still has a valid residence title, a fictional certificate will be issued in accordance with Section 81(4) of the Residence Act (AufenthG). The continued existence of the previous residence title is fictitiously assumed. The residence title continues to be valid with all ancillary provisions (also regarding the provisions on gainful employment).

    In principle, your wife should have a claim to the issuance of a fictional certificate according to Section 81(4) of the Residence Act. You should ask why the foreigners’ authority declined to issue such a fictional certificate. Then you should go to a counseling center that can represent you in your meeting with the foreign authority.

    Traveling abroad and re-entring German territory is possible with a valid fictional certificate in accordance with § 81(4) of the Residence Act. In addition, however, a valid passport is required!

    So, a trip to Turkey would be possible with a fictitious certificate according to § 81(4) of the Residence Act (please check carefully whether subsection 4 is mentioned in the fictional certificate), but your wife also needs her valid passport. In some countries you also need a visa – please stay informed whether you need one for Turkey (it is not part of the Schengen treaty!).

    Good luck!”

     

    This article has been published in German.

  • Settlement permit for students?

    Settlement permit for students?

    In this column, Angelika, a lawyer in our team, addresses legal questions. Today we are talking about a student’s request to obtain a settlement permit, if possible, already during his studies which was rejected at the first attempt. Is there perhaps still a chance? Or does he now have to worry about his future?

    Question:

    “Dear Sir or Madam,

    I am a Syrian refugee and have been in Germany for 3 years. I have obtained a German C1 certificate, and I am a 2nd semester student at a university. I had my residence permit extended a few days ago and it was extended again for 3 years. The officials rejected my application for a settlement permit and said that I will only get it when I graduate and then have a job in Germany (although I currently have a part-time job in addition to BAföG).

    My question to you is: If new laws are passed in the coming months or years – will I have to fear deportation to Syria? This could cause me to drop out of university!!! I ask you for help because I am very worried about this now.”

    Answer

    Dear Reader, 

    First of all, we think it is great that you have been able to get your C-1 certificate in German, that you are studying and have a part-time job.

    Currently no deportations to Syria

    At the moment there are no deportations from Germany to Syria! In the media there is always talk about „deportations“, but legally those are voluntary, supported repatriations. Those returning to Syria are doing so voluntarily. 

    Here is the answer of the Federal Ministry of the Interior from 20.2.2019 to a question of the left-wing faction, Ulla Jelpke:

    „In 2018, the voluntary departure of 437 people to Syria was refinanced by the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF). It should be noted here that this is a preliminary number of persons. Final statistics are expected to be available at the end of the first quarter of 2019. The BAMF was only able to record voluntary departures for which an application for refinancing was submitted to the BAMF by the responsible federal state […] In principle, reference is made to the decision of the 209th Conference of Interior Ministers (IMK) of November 30, 2018, according to which there will continue to be no repatriations to Syria.

    Syrian nationals are also not encouraged in any way by federal authorities to leave the country voluntarily. Refinancing of voluntary departure will nevertheless take place. In deference to the autonomous, voluntary decision of these people, federal states fund these departures to the extent of REAG/GARP (Reintegration and Emigration Programme for Asylum-Seekers in Germany= REAG, Government Assisted Repatriation Programme=GARP) – and, if necessary, benefits from Starthilfe-Plus. The BAMF reimburses this on a pro-rata basis.“

    With respect for voluntary decisions

    The following benefits are available for voluntary repatriation to the country of origin:

    • Travel expenses
    • Financial support for the trip: 200 €/p.p. for those 18 and older (100 €/p.p. for those under 18)
    • Additional medical expenses: maximum €2,000 for up to three months after arrival in the destination country
    • One-time financial starting aid: 1.000 €/p.p. for those 18 years and older (500 €/p.p. under 18 years)

    We assume that you have a residence permit according to § 25 (5) Residence Act, i.e. that you are a recognized refugee. Then the settlement permit is based on § 9 (2) Residence Act:

    “(2) A foreigner is to be granted a permanent settlement permit if

    1. the foreigner has held a temporary residence permit for five years,
    1. the foreigner’s subsistence is secure,
    1. the foreigner has paid compulsory or voluntary contributions into the statutory pension scheme for at least 60 months or furnishes evidence of an entitlement to comparable benefits from an insurance or pension scheme or from an insurance company; time off for the purposes of child care or nursing at home are to be duly taken into account,
    1. there are no reasons of public safety or order which would rule out granting such a permit, taking into account the severity or the nature of the breach of public safety or order or the threat posed by the foreigner, with due regard to the duration of the foreigner’s stay to date and the existence of ties in the federal territory,
    1. the foreigner is permitted to be in employment, if he or she is an employee,
    1. the foreigner possesses any other permits required for the purpose of the permanent pursuit of his or her economic activity,
    1. the foreigner has a sufficient command of the German language,
    1. the foreigner possesses a basic knowledge of the legal and social system and the way of life in the federal territory and
    1. the foreigner has sufficient living space for himself or herself and for family members living together in the same household.”

    No settlement permit for students?

    In principle, it is not impossible for students to obtain a settlement permit. The first requirement of § 9 (2) Residence Act can be met if the required period of residence in Germany applicable in your case is 3 years. There are exceptions to the 5-year period if someone is already well integrated and economically independent (§26 (2) Residence Act).

    As far as points 2 and 3 are concerned, the following applies:

    According to § 2 (3) Residence Act the livelihood is secured if it can be paid for without using public funds. The livelihood is also secured when receiving benefits according to BAföG.

    But: For the settlement permit it is important that the livelihood is secured prospectively in the long term. It must therefore be highly probable that no public funds will be used in the long term. BaföG is only granted for the period of study. After successful completion, it is not necessarily certain that graduates will find a job. The livelihood may be secured now, but it is not yet secured in the long term. (e.g. VG Munich; judgment of 22.03.2012; AZ: M 12 K 12.298). A so-called mini job (a form of marginal employment) would also not be sufficient, because it must usually be assumed that the employment is only intended to finance the studies and not to permanently secure the livelihood in the future.

    Mini-job with pension insurance 

    You can fulfill the third requirement: In principle, you must have paid 60 months of compulsory pension insurance contributions. If your mini-job is registered by your employer, a so-called 450 Euro job, it is subject to compulsory insurance in the statutory pension insurance. Employers pay a flat-rate contribution for their mini-jobbers. The mini-jobbers themselves pay an additional personal contribution. This allows them to benefit from the full protection of the statutory pension insurance. Therefore, if you have worked in a mini-job for 60 months, the third requirement would be met.

    The information of the foreigner’s authority that you only have the chance to get a settlement permit after finishing your studies and then working for 2 years is based on the former § 18b Residence Act (as of 2019). 

    „A foreigner who has successfully completed his or her studies at a state or state-recognized university or comparable educational institution within the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany will be granted a settlement permit if he or she has

    1. has held a residence title in accordance with §§ 18, 18a.19a or §21 for two years,
    2. holds a job appropriate to his or her degree
    3. has made compulsory or voluntary contributions to the statutory pension insurance scheme for at least 24 months or can provide evidence of expenses for an entitlement to comparable benefits from an insurance or pension institution or an insurance company, and
    4. the requirements of Section 9(2), first sentence, numbers 2 and 4 to 9 are met; Section 9(2), second to sixth sentences shall apply mutatis mutandis.“

    Studies can be completed without haste

    However, this regulation only applies after you have completed your studies at a German university and you are still at the beginning of your studies. Therefore, you can finish your studies without haste, then work in Germany for 2 years in your profession and then you should definitely get the unlimited settlement permit (according to the law as of 2019).

    The laws in Germany can change, but a retroactive change is generally not possible, it would contradict the principle of legal security and the German legal system.

    We wish you continued success with your studies. Perhaps it will work out with the unlimited settlement permit even before the completion of your studies….

    This article was first published in German.

    https://kohero-magazin.com/16-06-zeit-und-zuwendung-integration-an-schulen/

  • HELP – the Taliban have taken over the government in Afghanistan

    There are no more deportations from Germany to Afghanistan.

    Since December 2016, approximately 1000 people have been deported to Afghanistan.

    Refugees from Afghanistan are the second largest refugee group in Germany (approx. 181,000*), after Syrians. 66% of Afghans in Germany have a status of protection. Most of them have received a deportation ban according to §§ 60 (5) and (7) of the Residence Act. Currently, the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) is „back-prioritizing“ the decision of Afghanistan cases, which means a de facto decision freeze. There should be a new situation report from the Foreign Office by the end of September.

    I am worried about my friends and family who are still in Afghanistan, how can I manage to bring them to Germany to safety?

    Options for endangered people in Afghanistan:

    1. Evacuation/reception programs

    Evacuations were completed on 8/26/21 with the last flight of a German plane, but plans are in place to take in more Afghan*s:

    • All local staff and their family members (only the nuclear family, i.e., spouse and minor children (for adult children a so-called hardship case according to § 36 (2) Residence Act can be applied for) who worked for German institutions as of 2013.
    • Those who were identified as particularly endangered until the end of the evacuation measures;
    • Afghan employees of non-governmental organizations;
    • Afghan employees of the German Society for International Cooperation (GIZ);
    • Human rights activists;
    • Women’s rights activists;
    • Journalists;
    • Persons with a German residence title.

    If Germany has already given a promise of admission (usually by email), these people are contacted and given further instructions. The way across the border into the neighboring countries has to be organized by themselves. The German embassies in all neighboring countries then issue these people the necessary documents to enter Germany upon presentation of the acceptance letter. Germany is currently trying to reach agreements with the neighboring countries and the Taliban to ensure safe entry into the neighboring countries.

    If Germany has not yet offered the prospect of departure to Germany and there is not yet a promise of admission, the following applies:

    Email with the following information to: buergerservice@diplo.de:

    • First name and last name of all persons
    • Dates of birth of all persons
    • Passport number or ID number (Tazkira) of all persons
    • Nationality of all persons
    • E-mail address and / or cell phone numbers.
    • Documents or descriptions, which prove that the persons are particularly endangered
    • Connections to Germany.

    The admission is then made according to § 22 (2) Residence Act – an individual confirmation of the Federal Department of the Interior.

    2. Family reunification

    As before, visa applications for family reunification can be submitted to the German embassies in Islamabad (Pakistan) and New Delhi (India). Currently, there are over 4,000 people on the waiting lists for a first appointment, and the waiting time is over a year. The visa process itself then also takes an inordinate amount of time. Under certain circumstances, it is possible to achieve faster processing of the visa by means of urgent judicial proceedings. The Berlin Administrative Court has granted an expedited procedure because it affirmed a threat to the family members in Afghanistan (VG 10 L 285/21 V).

    3. Visa to take up studies in Germany (confirmation of application, subsistence must be secured).

    4. Visa to take up an apprenticeship (apprenticeship place must be assured, subsistence must be secured).

    5. Visa in the context of skilled worker immigration (qualified training or studies in Afghanistan, concrete job offer, recognition of certificates).

    A lot of useful information can be found here: handbookgermany.de

    Will my residence status change due to the changes in Afghanistan?

    How the Federal Office for Migration and Refugees (BAMF) will decide on asylum applications and follow-up asylum applications after the Taliban takeover is still largely unclear. However, a follow-up asylum application can always be filed if there are new reasons for granting the asylum, such as now the significant human rights and humanitarian changes of the situation in Afghanistan.

    We recommend those to file a follow-up asylum application in accordance with Section 71 of the Asylum Act,
    • who are only in possession of a normal toleration (also an employment toleration) and for whom a right to stay according to §§ 25a or 25b Residence Act is not available in the near future.
    • Similarly, those with rejected asylum applications due to a domestic escape alternative within Afghanistan should file a follow-up application.The follow-up asylum application must be filed within 3 months after the changed circumstances in Afghanistan become known (8/15/2021), i.e., by Friday, 10/13/2021. Follow-up applications must be filed in person at the BAMF field office in whose district applicants resided during the previous asylum procedure. It is best to hand in a written reasoned application there. However, we do not advise those to submit a follow-up asylum application who have a residence permit according to
    • § 22 Residence Act (admission permit).
    • §23 Residence Act (federal and state reception programs).
    • §25 (3) to (5) of the Residence Act (residence for humanitarian reasons due to a banof deportation).
      The residence title expires if a follow-up asylum application is filed. The procedure starts again. Likewise, one should not file a follow-up asylum application.
    • If a settlement permit is imminent according to §26 (4) Residence Act.
    • In the case of a training toleration according to §60c Residence Act if the successfulcompletion of the training is imminent. Then, there is the possibility of a residencepermit according to § 19d Residence Act.
    • If one is about to reach the prior residence periods for §25a (well-integrated youngpeople) or §25b Residence Act (sustainable integration). Obtaining a residence permit through these provisions is faster than pursuing a new asylum procedure.

    We wish everyone good luck!

    * mediendienst-integration.de 

    This article was first published in German.

  • Rights After Marriage During Ongoing Asylum Procedure

    Answer:

    Dear Nina,

    First of all, we hope everything works out with your civil wedding, because that will be the first obstacle. The registry office requires many documents from both of you. Usually, a passport, a birth certificate or other proof of descent, a certificate of nobility certifying that you are able of marry according to the law of your home country, especially that you are not or no longer married, and other documents depending on the law of your country of origin are required. The papers from a number of countries of origin must also be checked for authenticity by the German Embassy.

    Nevertheless, you will surely overcome this obstacle, as many others before you, but experience has shown that it can take quite a bit of time.

    Legal situation after marriage

    After the marriage the legal situation is as follows: According to § 31 (1) German Residence Act the refugee has to be granted a residence permit if he married a German. After a period of 3 years, he has to be granted an unlimited settlement permit according to § 31 (2) German Residence Act if the marriage has lasted that long and the spouses do not live permanently apart. That is what we hope for you. For this it is necessary that a marital cohabitation is led.

    Thus, both spouses should be registered at the same address. You should only be registered at different places with valid reasons (e.g. studies in another city, work during the week in another city, too small apartment in case of intended apartment search). Living together is legally not the same as cohabitation. However, unpleasant inquiries from the foreigners’ authority are always to be expected. This is to avoid fake marriages. Hence, you are allowed – if not obliged – to move in together and this may also be in another city.

    In order to travel abroad, you must comply with the respective entry regulations of each country (e.g. is a visa required?). In general, a refugee may travel abroad with his or her residence permit and a passport (either the domestic passport, the blue passport according to the Geneva Refugee Convention or the so-called gray passport). The residence permit according to § 28 German Residence Act (spouse of a German citizen) allows every kind of employment. Thus, your future husband can look for a job.

    We wish you both good luck and success on your further way together!

     

    This article was first published in German.

    https://kohero-magazin.com/frage-und-antwort-rechte-nach-einer-heirat-bei-laufendem-asylverfahren/

  • Travelling with a fictional Certificate

    Dear reader, a fictional certificate is issued if a decision on an application for a residence title cannot yet be made, e.g. because:

    • documents are missing or the foreigner’s file is not available,
    • an ordered electronic residence title cannot be issued before the expiry of the previous residence title, or
    • the outcome of criminal proceedings has to be awaited.

    If there is still a valid residence title, a fictional certificate is issued in accordance with Section 81 (4) of the German Residence Act. The previous residence title is deemed to remain in force. I assume that this is the case with you. Furthermore, you need to apply for a settlement permit before your residence title expires.

    The residence title continues to be valid with all ancillary provisions (including the provisions regarding gainful employment) until a decision has been made on your application.

    Travelling abroad and re-entering into the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany is possible with a valid fictional certificate pursuant to Section 81 (4) of the Residence Act

    In contrast to a certificate issued in accordance with Section 81 (3) of the Residence Act, the fictional certificate issued in accordance with Section 81 (4) of the Residence Act entitles the holder to enter the territory of the Federal Republic of Germany in connection with a recognized and valid passport or passport substitute and to travel within the Schengen area in accordance with Article 21 of the Convention on the implementation of the Schengen Convention.

    In addition to the use of the prescribed official form, it is a prerequisite that the third checkbox on page 3 of the form is ticked. Entry and exit stamps must be affixed to the passport or passport replacement, but not to the fictional certificate.

    You should check whether the foreigners’ authority has issued the fictional certificate by mistake in accordance with Section 81 (3) of the Residence Act and has quoted it as such. Then it would not be possible to travel abroad. Often it says on the carrier form “does not allow travelling abroad” (“gilt nicht für Auslandsreisen”). Then the fictional certificate should be corrected.

    I don’t know where you want to travel to. You may need a visa for the country you want to visit. In any case, you need a valid travel document (national passport, blue refugee passport in accordance with the Geneva Refugee Convention or a gray passport replacement) in addition to the fictional certificate pursuant to § 81 (4) of the German Residence Act.

    Here is the relevant statute of the Residence Act again:

    Section 81
    Applying for the residence title
    (1) In the absence of any provisions to the contrary, a residence title is issued to a foreigner only upon application by said foreigner.

    (2) A residence title which may be obtained after entering the federal territory in accordance with the statutory instrument under section 99 (1) no. 2 must be applied for immediately after entry or within the period stipulated in the statutory instrument. The application for a child born in the federal territory who is not to be granted a residence title ex officio is to be filed within six months of birth.

    (3) If a foreigner who is legally resident in the federal territory and does not possess a residence title applies for a residence title, his or her residence is deemed to be permitted up to the time of the decision by the foreigners‘ authority. If the application is filed too late, deportation is deemed to be suspended from the time of application up to the time of the decision by the foreigners‘ authority.

    (4) If a foreigner applies for an extension of his or her residence title or for a different residence title before his or her current residence title expires, the current residence title is deemed to remain in force from the time it expires until the time of the decision by the foreigners‘ authority. This does not apply to visas issued in accordance with section 6 (1). If the application to issue or extend a residence title was filed too late, the foreigners‘ authority may order that the previous residence title remains valid in order to avoid undue hardship.

    (5) The foreigner is to be issued with a certificate confirming the effect of the application (provisional residence document).

    (6) If the application for a temporary residence permit allowing the subsequent immigration of dependants wishing to join the holder of an ICT Card or a Mobile ICT Card is filed at the same time as the application for an ICT Card or a Mobile ICT Card, the application for the temporary residence permit allowing the subsequent immigration of dependants is decided upon at the same time as the application for an ICT Card or Mobile ICT Card.

    Have a nice vacation!

     

    This article was first published in German:

    https://kohero-magazin.com/frage-und-antwort-reisen-mit-fiktionsbescheinigung/

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